Did Pope John Paul II Have a Secret Lover? Likewise criticised was his kissing[377] of the Qur'an in Damascus, Syria, on one of his travels on 6 May 2001. ", Marie Gayte, "The Vatican and the Reagan Administration: A Cold War Alliance?.". [4], The New York Times made note of difficulties inherent in creating a film about a historical person while the person is living. She responded, "No, I never fell in love with the cardinal. Like his successors after him, John Paul II took a large number of initiatives to promote friendly relations, practical humanitarian cooperation and theological dialogue with a range of Protestant bodies. [20][21][22][23], Karol Józef Wojtyła was born in the Polish town of Wadowice. War is not always inevitable. Did You Know? "[182], Some have erroneously accused John Paul II of affirming Pinochet's regime by appearing with the Chilean ruler in public. However, after over twenty-five years as pope, two assassination attempts, one of which injured him severely, and a number of cancer scares, John Paul's physical health declined. "Cause for Beatification and Canonization of The Servant of God: "Child 'Able to Walk Again' After Praying at Pope's Tomb", "CNS STORY: For Pope John Paul II, Beatification Process may be on Final Lap", "Pope John Paul II's Sainthood on Fast Track—The World Newser", "Beatification Looms Closer for John Paul II", "Pope Benedict Paves Way to Beatification of John Paul II", "Gold Coin Marks Beatification of John Paul II", "Pope John Paul II's Body Exhumed ahead of Beatification Mass", "Visiting the Tomb of John Paul II in St Peter´s Basilica in the Vatican", "Pope Innocent XI's remains make way for John Paul II", "Healing of Colombian man could pave way for John Paul II canonization", "New Pope John Paul II sculpture unveiled in Warsaw", "Relic holding Pope John Paul II's blood stolen from Italian cathedral", "John Paul II's 2nd miracle approved—report", "John Paul set for sainthood after second miracle okayed", "Costa Rican Woman Describes John Paul Miracle Cure", "Italian media report progress in Blessed John Paul's sainthood cause", "Popes John Paul II, John XXIII to be made saints: Vatican", "Francis to Canonise John XXIII and John Paul II on Same Day", "Date set for Popes John Paul II and John XXIII sainthood", "Canonization of predecessors provides another boost for Pope Francis", "St. John Paul II's parents' sainthood cause has officially opened", "Catholic Church to Ease Ban on Condom Use", "Clergy sex abuse victims decry sainthood for Pope John Paul II", "Charter for the Protection of Children and Young People", "Instruction Concerning the Criteria for the Discernment of Vocations with regard to Persons with Homosexual Tendencies in view of their Admission to the Seminary and to Holy Orders", "Report says Clergy Sexual Abuse Brought 'Smoke of Satan' into Church", "Scandals in the church: The Bishops' Decisions; The Bishops' Charter for the Protection of Children and Young People", "Pope Calls for Continuous Prayer to Rid Priesthood of Paedophilia", "The Shame of John Paul II: How the Sex Abuse Scandal Stained His Papacy", "Europe | Polish archbishop 'molested students, "Abuse in the Catholic Church / Cardinal Law and the laity", "Co Jan Paweł II wiedział o ks. [83][84] The pair exchanged personal letters over 30 years, and Stourton believes that Tymieniecka had confessed her love for Wojtyła. [236][237][238][239], John Paul II oversaw the publication of the Catechism of the Catholic Church, which makes a special provision for Muslims; therein, it is written, "together with us they adore the one, merciful God, mankind's judge on the last day. He praised Mohandas Gandhi for his "unshakeable faith in God", assured the Jains that the Catholic Church will continue to engage in dialogue with their religion and spoke of the common need to aid the poor. John Paul II completed a full-scale reform of the Catholic Church's legal system, Latin and Eastern, and a reform of the Roman Curia. At a papal mass in St. Louis, Missouri, in the United States he said: A sign of hope is the increasing recognition that the dignity of human life must never be taken away, even in the case of someone who has done great evil. One such theory, advanced by Michael Ledeen and heavily pushed by the United States Central Intelligence Agency at the time of the assassination but never substantiated by evidence, was that the Soviet Union was behind the attempt on John Paul II's life in retaliation for the pope's support of Solidarity, the Catholic, pro-democratic Polish workers' movement. On 29 February 1944, Wojtyła was hit by a German truck. "I am cured, but it is up to the church to say whether it was a miracle or not. Doing Right Like. [3], The Courier in noting that lead Albert Finney was Protestant, both director Herbert Wise and writer Christopher Knopf were Jewish, and cinematographer Tony Imi was Roman Catholic, wrote that the film was successful as "a compelling story about a man, rather that a religious tract about a pontiff. He was canonised together with John XXIII. The Crown Publishing Group. On the way to the hospital, he lost consciousness. from the crowds gathered during the funeral Mass that he celebrated,[304][305][306][307] Benedict XVI began the beatification process for his predecessor, bypassing the normal restriction that five years must pass after a person's death before beginning the beatification process. Wojtyła refused, saying that the child should be raised in the Jewish faith of his birth parents and nation, not as a Catholic. According to a contemporary witness, Cardinal Wojtyła was against the distribution of a letter around Kraków in 1970, stating that the Polish Episcopate was preparing for the 50th anniversary of the Polish–Soviet War. The opposition praised John Paul II for denouncing Pinochet as a "dictator", for many members of Chile's opposition were persecuted for much milder statements. ", During his 2001 travels, John Paul II became the first pope to visit Greece in 1291 years. [345] Critics have said that large families are caused by lack of contraception and exacerbate Third World poverty and problems such as street children in South America. [330][331], In July 2012, a Colombian man, Marco Fidel Rojas, the former mayor of Huila, Colombia, testified that he was "miraculously cured" of Parkinson's disease after a trip to Rome where he met John Paul II and prayed with him. The visit took place 500 years after the birth of the German Martin Luther, who was first an Augustinian friar and subsequently a leading Protestant Reformer. In what The New York Times called "unusually direct language", John Paul condemned the arrogance of priests that led to the scandals: Priests and candidates for the priesthood often live at a level both materially and educationally superior to that of their families and the members of their own age group. [324][325] On 19 December 2009, Pope Benedict XVI signed the first of two decrees needed for beatification and proclaimed John Paul II "Venerable", asserting that he had lived a heroic, virtuous life. John Paul II was an outspoken opponent of apartheid in South Africa. "[115][191], On 4 June 2004 US President George W. Bush presented the Presidential Medal of Freedom, the United States' highest civilian honour, to John Paul II during a ceremony at the Apostolic Palace. The End and the Beginning: Pope John Paul II – The Victory of Freedom, the Last Years, the Legacy . "[203], On 23–27 June 2001, John Paul II visited Ukraine, another heavily Orthodox nation, at the invitation of the President of Ukraine and bishops of the Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church. ("[Make him a] Saint Immediately!") He gave a speech including the statement: "For all the times that Muslims and Christians have offended one another, we need to seek forgiveness from the Almighty and to offer each other forgiveness. In 1979, John Paul II visited the Auschwitz concentration camp in Poland, where many of his compatriots (mostly Jews) had perished during the German occupation there in World War II, the first pope to do so. [92][114] In March 2011 the Polish mint issued a gold 1,000 Polish złoty coin (equivalent to US$350), with the Pope's image to commemorate his beatification. Wojtyła returned to Poland in the summer of 1948 for his first pastoral assignment in the village of Niegowić, 24 kilometres (15 miles) from Kraków, at the Church of the Assumption. The pope's opposition to the Iraq War led to him being a candidate to win the 2003 Nobel Peace Prize, which was ultimately awarded to Iranian attorney/judge and noted human rights advocate, Shirin Ebadi. Supporters of Benelli were confident that he would be elected, and in early ballots, Benelli came within nine votes of success. List of popular saints. Pontificate definition is - to speak or express opinions in a pompous or dogmatic way. On 15 January 1995 a suicide bomber was planning to dress as a priest and detonate a bomb when the pope passed in his motorcade on his way to the San Carlos Seminary in Makati. [198] In 2009 John Koehler, a journalist and former army intelligence officer, published Spies in the Vatican: The Soviet Union's Cold War Against the Catholic Church. [26][30] "I remember that at least a third of my classmates at elementary school in Wadowice were Jews. [258] Mining mostly East German and Polish secret police archives, Koehler says the assassination attempts were "KGB-backed" and gives details. [92][288][289][290] Cardinal Angelo Sodano specifically referred to John Paul as "the Great" in his published written homily for the pope's funeral Mass of Repose. While in Britain he also visited Canterbury Cathedral and knelt in prayer with Robert Runcie, the Archbishop of Canterbury, at the spot where Thomas à Becket had been killed,[103] as well as holding several large-scale open air masses, including one at Wembley Stadium, which was attended by some 80,000 people. It was the first-ever Vatican event dedicated to the memory of the six million Jews murdered in World War II. He was elected pope by the second papal conclave of 1978, which was called after John Paul I, who had been elected in August to succeed Pope Paul VI, died after 33 days. John Paul II was a staunch opponent of the Gulf War. [82][74], During 1974–1975, then Cardinal Wojtyla, the Archbishop of Kraków, served Pope Paul VI as consultor to the Pontifical Council for the Laity, as recording secretary for the 1974 synod on evangelism and by participating extensively in the original drafting of the 1975 apostolic exhortation, Evangelii nuntiandi. [151][152], In his travel to Managua, Nicaragua, in 1983, John Paul II harshly condemned what he dubbed the "popular Church"[150] (i.e. When he became pope in 1978 at the age of 58, John Paul II was an avid sportsman. Even though the two bullets missed his mesenteric artery and abdominal aorta, he lost nearly three-quarters of his blood. [159], In April 1991, during his Urbi et Orbi Sunday message at St. Peter's Basilica, John Paul II called for the international community to "lend an ear" to "the long-ignored aspirations of oppressed peoples". [18][19] Posthumously, he has been referred to by some Catholics as "St. John Paul the Great", although the title has no official recognition. [97][243][248], Could I forget that the event in St. Peter's Square took place on the day and at the hour when the first appearance of the Mother of Christ to the poor little peasants has been remembered for over sixty years at Fátima, Portugal? [204] About 200 thousand people attended the liturgies celebrated by the Pope in Kyiv, and the liturgy in Lviv gathered nearly one and a half million faithful. [25][55][86], The second conclave of 1978 started on 14 October, ten days after the funeral. He asked them to "diligently investigate accusations". [172] It is the codification of the common portions of the Canon Law for the 23 of the 24 sui iuris churches in the Catholic Church that are the Eastern Catholic Churches. [82][84] When Wojtyła visited New England in the summer of 1976, Tymieniecka put him up as a guest in her family home. Not in East Germany or Czechoslovakia. The most popular saints in the Catholic Church. [28] His elder sister Olga had died before his birth, but he was close to his brother Edmund, nicknamed Mundek, who was 13 years his senior. Had the Pope chosen to turn his soft power into the hard variety, the regime might have been drowned in blood. If the pope's visit inspired a riot, the Communist leaders of Poland were prepared to crush the uprising and blame the suffering on the pope. [332], In September 2020, Poland unveiled a sculpture of him in Warsaw, designed by Jerzy Kalina [pl] and installed outside the National Museum, holding up a meteorite. However, the Communist authorities abolished the Faculty of Theology at the Jagellonian University, thereby preventing him from receiving the degree until 1957. While some of his journeys (such as to the United States and the Holy Land) were to places previously visited by Pope Paul VI, John Paul II became the first pope to visit the White House in October 1979, where he was greeted warmly by then-President Jimmy Carter. From the beginning of my Pontificate, my thoughts had been on this Holy Year 2000 as an important appointment. On 19 May 2003, three weeks before a referendum was held in Poland on EU membership, the Polish pope addressed his compatriots and urged them to vote for Poland's EU membership at St. Peter's Square in Vatican City State. [178] According to Monsignor Sławomir Oder, the postulator of John Paul II's beatification cause, John Paul's words to Pinochet had a profound impact on the Chilean dictator. Moreira Neves, Lucas Cardinal. He added: "No country the Pope has visited has remained the same after his departure. [3] In not being a true documentary film, the depiction of the life of Karol Wojtyła was not "tied to exact factual details",[3] and included the addition "theatrical flourishes and appropriate emotional atmosphere",[3] but still remained "a sound and vivid dramatization"[3] reflecting the biographical record of a man whose "background had plenty of high drama in it without making it up". [153][154][150] During that visit Ernesto Cardenal, a priest and minister in the Sandinista government, knelt to kiss his hand. On 20 November 2001, from a laptop in the Vatican, John Paul II sent his first e-mail apologising for the Catholic sex abuse cases, the Church-backed "Stolen Generations" of Aboriginal children in Australia, and to China for the behaviour of Catholic missionaries in colonial times.[267]. Wojtyła published his work under two pseudonyms—Andrzej Jawień and Stanisław Andrzej Gruda[34][69]—to distinguish his literary from his religious writings (issued under his own name), and also so that his literary works would be considered on their own merits. Four kings, five queens, at least 70 presidents and prime ministers, and more than 14 leaders of other religions attended. John Paul II proceeded to call for the need for religious tolerance, praised nature, and emphasised common elements between animism and Christianity, saying: Nature, exuberant and splendid in this area of forests and lakes, impregnates spirits and hearts with its mystery and orients them spontaneously toward the mystery of He who is the author of life. With some I was on very friendly terms. [187] Since Strossner's taking power through a coup d'état in 1954, Paraguay's bishops increasingly criticised the regime for human rights abuses, rigged elections, and the country's feudal economy. [253][254][255] The assailant, a traditionalist Catholic Spanish priest named Juan María Fernández y Krohn,[253] had been ordained as a priest by Archbishop Marcel Lefebvre of the Society of Saint Pius X and was opposed to the changes made by the Second Vatican Council, saying that the pope was an agent of Communist Moscow and of the Marxist Eastern Bloc. However, I must emphasise that Poland has always been an important part of Europe. [309][312][315][316], "I was sick and now I am cured," she told reporter Gerry Shaw. John Paul II's response to child sexual abuse within the Church has also come under heavy censure. [246] Surgeons performed a colostomy, temporarily rerouting the upper part of the large intestine to let the damaged lower part heal. John Paul II was hospitalised with breathing problems caused by a bout of influenza on 1 February 2005. [63], In 1953, Wojtyła's habilitation thesis was accepted by the Faculty of Theology at the Jagiellonian University. Denis Diderot. [398], Some Catholic theologians disagreed with the call for the beatification of John Paul II. [368], John Paul II was alleged to have links with Banco Ambrosiano, an Italian bank that collapsed in 1982. [349][350] They now require dioceses faced with an allegation to alert the authorities, conduct an investigation and remove the accused from duty. After receiving the award, John Paul II said, "May the desire for freedom, peace, a more humane world symbolised by this medal inspire men and women of goodwill in every time and place. [34] During this time, his talent for language blossomed, and he learned as many as 15 languages — Polish, Latin, Italian, English, Spanish, Portuguese, French, German, Luxembourgish, Dutch, Ukrainian, Serbo-Croatian, Czech, Slovak and Esperanto,[35] nine of which he used extensively as pope. "[223] In another statement issued by the Australia/Israel & Jewish Affairs Council, Director Dr Colin Rubenstein said, "The Pope will be remembered for his inspiring spiritual leadership in the cause of freedom and humanity. [355], John Paul II was a firm supporter of the Legion of Christ, and in 1998 discontinued investigations into sexual misconduct by its leader Marcial Maciel, who in 2005 resigned his leadership and was later requested by the Vatican to withdraw from his ministry. King Man Free. I appreciate their concern about maintaining the cultural and religious identity of our nation. [272], On 31 March 2005, following a urinary tract infection,[273] he developed septic shock, a form of infection with a high fever and low blood pressure, but was not hospitalised. While some conservative, Catholic politicians in Poland opposed EU membership, John Paul II said: I know that there are many in opposition to integration. [117], John Paul II also made a pilgrimage to the Holy Land for the Great Jubilee of 2000. He was fond of football. This is the only way to dissipate the threats of ethnocentrism that are hovering over Africa these days and that have so brutally touched Rwanda and Burundi. I thought of its celebration as a providential opportunity during which the Church, thirty-five years after the Second Vatican Ecumenical Council, would examine how far she had renewed herself, in order to be able to take up her evangelising mission with fresh enthusiasm. John Paul II was criticised by representatives of the victims of clergy sexual abuse[346] for failing to respond quickly enough to the Catholic sex abuse crisis. British actor Michael Compton portrayed Karol Wojtyła from ages 18 through 26, and Albert Finney portrayed Wojtyła from 27 years old, up to the time the former bishop was installed as Pope John Paul II. [277][278][279] His death was verified when an electrocardiogram that ran for 20 minutes showed a flatline. [383][384][385][386], In 1988, when John Paul II was delivering a speech to the European Parliament, Ian Paisley, the leader of the Democratic Unionist Party and Moderator of the Free Presbyterian Church of Ulster, shouted "I denounce you as the Antichrist! In his book-length interview Crossing the Threshold of Hope with the Italian journalist Vittorio Messori published in 1995, John Paul II draws parallels between animism and Christianity. In Mainz, he met with leaders of the Evangelical Church in Germany, and with representatives of other Christian denominations. While teaching, he gathered a group of about 20 young people, who began to call themselves Rodzinka, the "little family". [44] Wojtyła also helped a 14-year-old Jewish refugee girl named Edith Zierer,[45] who had escaped from a Nazi labour camp in Częstochowa. Some believed that this was the mob's vendetta against the pope for his denunciations of organised crime.[157]. [16] On 11 September 2014, Pope Francis added these two optional memorials to the worldwide General Roman Calendar of saints. He arrived at Niegowić at harvest time, where his first action was to kneel and kiss the ground. An Opus Dei spokesman said that "the influence of Opus Dei in the Vatican has been exaggerated". [98][99] John Paul II's earliest official visits were to the Dominican Republic and Mexico in January 1979. The Church in Europe needs the Poles' testimony of faith. John Paul II. He told them to be good, not to compromise themselves, to stick by one another, to be fearless, and that God is the only source of goodness, the only standard of conduct. John Paul II suggested that American bishops be more open and transparent in dealing with such scandals and emphasised the role of seminary training to prevent sexual deviance among future priests. [192] At the centre of the bank's failure was its chairman, Roberto Calvi, and his membership in the illegal Masonic Lodge Propaganda Due (aka P2). Tucci says that the pontiff was "furious".[183]. It entered into force the first Sunday of the following Advent,[168] which was 27 November 1983. Once Karol Wojtyła was installed as Pope, executive producer Alvin Cooperman made his decision to create the film project,[7] and with the assistance of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of New York,[6] sought Vatican approval and cooperation. Gorbachev once said "The collapse of the Iron Curtain would have been impossible without John Paul II. Born in Poland, John Paul II was the first non-Italian pope since the 16th-century Pope Adrian VI. He said: What is happening in your countries is a terrible tragedy that must end. Instead, he was monitored by a team of consultants at his private residence. "[387][388] and held up a red banner reading "Pope John Paul II ANTICHRIST". It is divided into 30 titles and has a total of 1540 canons. "Is Pope Francis about to "rip up" the Vatican constitution? Ian Paisley", "Quotes From Pope John Paul II On Međugorje", "Dissident theologians participate in the canonization process of Pope John Paul II", "A Statement of Reservations Concerning the Impending Beatification of Pope John Paul II", 'The Halo Is Hopelessly Tarnished': Why The Sainthood Of John Paul II Should Be Rescinded, "Cracovia is about the people – John Paul II", "Letters From Pope John Paul II Show Deep Friendship With Woman", Pope John Paul II letters reveal 32-year relationship with woman. John Paul II has been credited with inspiring political change that not only led to the collapse of Communism in his native Poland and eventually all of Eastern Europe, but also in many countries ruled by dictators. [99] In March 2000, while visiting Jerusalem, John Paul became the first pope in history to visit and pray at the Western Wall. "[1] They wrote that this project was "at once enhanced and hindered by this. From 1476, he served as Grand Master of the Italian Rite of the Templar Order. Despite difficulty speaking more than a few sentences at a time, trouble hearing, and severe osteoarthrosis, he continued to tour the world although rarely walking in public. [83] The pope later stated that the Blessed Virgin Mary helped keep him alive throughout his ordeal. The two Church leaders signed a declaration remembering the victims of the Armenian genocide.[210]. A second miracle was approved on 2 July 2013, and confirmed by Pope Francis two days later. [79] These visits reinforced this message and contributed to the collapse of East European Communism that took place between 1989/1990 with the reintroduction of democracy in Poland, and which then spread through Eastern Europe (1990–1991) and South-Eastern Europe (1990–1992). John Paul II was the first world leader to describe as genocide the massacre by Hutus of Tutsis in the mostly Catholic country of Rwanda, which started in 1990 and reached its height in 1994. [132] After John Paul II's death, both Nelson Mandela and Archbishop Desmond Tutu praised the pope for defending human rights and condemning economic injustice.[133]. Kindle Edition. [195] Reagan's correspondence with the pope reveals "a continuous scurrying to shore up Vatican support for U.S. policies. [168] Edward N. Peters has referred to the 1983 Code as the "Johanno-Pauline Code"[170] (Johannes Paulus is Latin for "John Paul"), paralleling the "Pio-Benedictine" 1917 code that it replaced. According to an article on the Catholic News Service (CNS) dated 23 April 2013, a Vatican commission of doctors concluded that a healing had no natural (medical) explanation, which is the first requirement for a claimed miracle to be officially documented. [69] He focused on creating original literary work during his first dozen years as a priest. ", "Key findings in Vatican report into ex-Cardinal McCarrick", "The McCarrick Report and Pope John Paul II: Confronting a saint's tarnished legacy", "Text of the accusation letter directed to John Paul II", "Plea to Pope from 'God's banker' Revealed as Murder Trial Begins", "BBC on This Day | 1982: 'God's Banker' Found Hanged", "Criticizing John Paul II : Yet Another Thing The Mainstream Press Does Not Understand About The Catholic Church", "Address to the Representatives of the Christian Churches and Ecclesial Communities and of the World Religions", "Address to the Representatives of the other Christian Churches and Ecclesial Communities", "India: Hindu Extremists Against Grants to Missionaries", "Mother Teresa's Hidden Mission in India: Conversion to Christianity", "The Death of the Pope: Analysis of Pope John Paul II's reign", "Pope avoids confrontation with Pinochet", "Argentine military dictator confirms Catholic Church hierarchy was well aware of the "disappeared, "Former Argentinian dictator says he told Catholic Church of disappeared", "Ian Paisley dies: How Paisley made his point", "Historical Documents Reveal Former Pope's Plans", "Free Presbyterian Church—Dr. Respectfully removing his shoes, he entered the former Byzantine era Christian church dedicated to John the Baptist, who is also revered as a prophet of Islam. You are our dearly beloved brothers, and in a certain way, it could be said that you are our elder brothers. "[131] In September 1988, John Paul II made a pilgrimage to ten Southern African countries, including those bordering South Africa, while demonstratively avoiding South Africa. [55] At the age of 38, Wojtyła became the youngest bishop in Poland. [186] In 1986, Duvalier was deposed in an uprising. As part of his special emphasis on the universal call to holiness, he beatified 1,340[14] and canonised 483 people, more than the combined tally of his predecessors during the preceding five centuries. [73][74] Wojtyła accepted the appointment as Auxiliary Bishop to Kraków's Archbishop Eugeniusz Baziak, and he received episcopal consecration (as Titular Bishop of Ombi) on 28 September 1958, with Baziak as the principal consecrator and as co-consecrators Bishop Boleslaw Kominek (Titular Bishop of Sophene and Vågå, auxiliary of the Catholic Archdiocese of Wrocław, and Franciszek Jop, Auxiliary Bishop of Sandomierz (Titular Bishop of Daulia. [222], Immediately after John Paul II's death, the Anti-Defamation League said in a statement that he had revolutionised Catholic-Jewish relations, saying, "more change for the better took place in his 27-year Papacy than in the nearly 2,000 years before. Has a total of 1540 canons from Italian news media agencies, and more in 1961, was... Two bullets missed his mesenteric artery and abdominal aorta, he was diagnosed as suffering from Parkinson disease. 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